Ibiza’s transformation from a quiet Mediterranean island into a countercultural phenomenon can be said to have begun in the second half of the 1960s, with the arrival of the hippies. Unlike the beatniks, who frequented the island in the 1950s and early 1960s, this new wave of free spirits brought about more profound changes in Ibiza’s culture, society and economy. Over the course of three decades, the hippie movement left an indelible mark: it founded colorful markets and communes, introduced new music and fashions, and ultimately helped turn the island into a world-famous destination. This article chronicles Ibiza’s hippie era in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, focusing on documented history over myth, and will attempt to illustrate the enduring legacy on the island’s modern identity.
The 1960s: An island refuge for the hippie influx
In the early 1960s, Ibiza was a remote, sunny haven in the shadow of Francisco Franco’s conservative Spain. Ironically, the island’s isolation during Franco’s rule made it attractive to outsiders in search of freedom. Beginning in the late 1950s and continuing through the 1960s, foreign artists, intellectuals, beatniks and hippies began flocking to Ibiza in large numbers. They came for many reasons. Some were political exiles or draft dodgers: young Americans escaping the Vietnam War draft, but also young Europeans disillusioned by post-war social conformity. Others were creatives and drifters attracted by the promise of a simple life in beautiful surroundings. Ibiza had what their home countries did not: relative freedom from scrutiny, political tolerance (or disinterest), a place to experiment with alternative lifestyles (even when mainland Spain remained repressive) and, not least, a very affordable cost of living if one was willing to give up some modern 20th century luxuries.
What these newcomers found was a Mediterranean paradise almost untouched by modern development. Ibiza in the early 1960s had little tourist infrastructure: few hotels, little electricity in the rural villages and a traditional agrarian society. For hippies it was ideal. The island’s rugged natural beauty – turquoise waters, pine forests and hidden coves – provided an inspiring backdrop. Life was extremely cheap by European standards, which meant one could rent a century-old farmhouse or camp on the beach for next to nothing. According to one contemporary account, it was a “sunny and charming” life of “cheap good wine” and “artistic flourishing among friendly Spanish peasants.” This promise of freedom and affordability made Ibiza a magnet for hippies seeking a utopia away from the pressures of modern society.
Photography: Josep Soler ©. Website
The early 1960s saw an eclectic mix of personalities. Alongside young idealists came established bohemians and even some fugitives from convention. For example, the famous art forger Elmyr de Hory settled in Ibiza in the early 1960s, living as a quirky local character on the bohemian scene. Writers such as Clifford Irving, who would later make headlines with a fake biography of Howard Hughes, also made Ibiza their home and fondly described the island’s primitive simplicity and labyrinthine hamlets. These expatriates mingled with young hippies arriving with backpacks and guitars. By the mid-1960s, the beatnik artists of the 1950s were giving way to a much larger hippie community. Not everyone welcomed this change: Beat Generation figure Carolyn Cassady later dismissed the late 1960s influx of hippies as “stupid,” underscoring the cultural shift from the introspective bohemianism of the beatniks to the flamboyant communalism of the hippies. Nevertheless, the tide of long-haired youth continued to rise.
Hippie enclaves took root around Ibiza town and in the rural villages. In the port of Ibiza town and in the winding streets of Dalt Vila, international drifters could be found exchanging art, music and ideas. In the north, villages like Sant Carles became famous hippie hangouts. At the rustic Bar Anita (Ca n’Anneta) – one of the oldest taverns on the island – hippies would collect their mail (using the bar’s address as an informal post office box, as they had no fixed address) and share community news. Communes formed in the lush countryside, where groups of hippies rented farms or camped out under the stars, living off the land. In these makeshift communes, daily life centered on creative expression and harmony with nature. Many spent the day painting, making jewelry, playing music or practicing meditation in the quiet hills. As one witness recalls, “everyone seemed to arrive in search of something: inspiration, reinvention or just a life of cheap leisure among like-minded souls.” By the late 1960s, the island’s reputation as a “haven for free spirits” was cemented.
Photography: Josep Soler ©. Website
At the same time, during those years, iconic personalities of the time, such as the group Pink Floyd, who also composed the soundtrack for what would later become the film that would catapult Ibiza’s fame: More (1969). According to the testimony of José Padilla (Founder of Café Del Mar). “To get an idea of what life was like in Ibiza and Formentera in the 60’s, you have to see More, the Barbet Shroeder movie that had a Pink Floyd soundtrack (…) The movie More, that’s what made Ibiza famous forever (…) That describes what life was like in those years, the Ibizan white house with no water or electricity, hanging out in the dust, Vietnam boys, girls, there was also a lot of heroin. You can tell the members of Pink Floyd were on a lot of acid… but the landscape must have affected the music as well. Also listen to King Crimson’s Formentera Lady, with evocative lyrics by Peter Sinfield, who often visited the island. As a result, there is now a street named after King Crimson on the small island.”
According to another testimony of the time: “The members of Floyd spent time on Formentera in the 1960s, Syd Barrett was sent there to recuperate after his acid attacks, accompanied by the ever fascinating Sam Hutt, the hippie doctor who later became the country singer Hank Wangford. (…) Aubrey Powell, co-founder of the Denmark Street (London) based designers Hipgnosis, also spent a lot of time on Formentera and told me how the island’s landscape influenced the works of the designers Hipgnosis. ) Aubrey Powell, co-founder of Denmark Street (London) based designers Hipgnosis, also spent a lot of time on Formentera and told me how the island’s landscape influenced the artwork he later made for Led Zeppelin and Pink Floyd, in particular the weathered sandstone Syd Barrett looked at while unconscious under the effects of LSD.”
Cover of the soundtrack album of the film More (1969)
However, as the hippie population grew, the Franco regime took notice and local tensions occasionally flared. At first, many Ibicencos regarded the newcomers with a mixture of curiosity and caution. Although islanders were traditionally hospitable and tolerant, some conservative locals – alarmed by public nudity, drug use and unconventional behavior – became uneasy. In 1969, this unrest culminated in what became known as the “Great Hippie Expulsion.” That summer, under pressure from Francoist officials, the police carried out a crackdown to “cleanse the island of hairy people.” The conservative Madrid daily ABC published in August 1969 a sensational series describing Ibiza and Formentera as a “paradise for drug addicts”, which fueled social alarm. As a result of these articles, the authorities acted swiftly, expelling hundreds (some sources say thousands) of foreign hippies for visa violations or minor infractions. Even ultra-conservative local vigilante groups were formed to help remove hippies from beaches and squares. This purge, orchestrated at the end of Franco’s regime, was a dramatic moment: many peace-loving expatriates were shipped or expelled from Ibiza. However, it was short-lived. The mayor of Ibiza protested the mass expulsions, and the heavy-handed campaign soon subsided. By the end of the decade, hippie travelers were returning to Ibiza, and the flower power experiment would continue into the 1970s, albeit with lessons learned about balancing freedom with local sensibilities.
1970s: Flower Power flourishes – Communes, markets and cultural exchange
Despite the repression of the late 1960s, Ibiza’s hippie scene re-emerged in the early 1970s with renewed energy. The new decade saw the flourishing of hippie culture across the island and the beginning of its integration into Ibiza’s emerging tourist economy. With Franco’s dictatorship coming to an end (he died in 1975), the seventies were a time of relative openness and creative ferment in Ibiza. Community life and artistic experimentation continued, but now hippies also began to contribute to local commerce and forge ties with Ibizan residents. This era gave rise to iconic institutions – from hippie flea markets to fashion trends – that still survive today, practically as part of the island’s cultural heritage.
One of the most enduring legacies of the hippie era of the 1970s was the rise of craft markets. As scores of penniless hippies settled in Ibiza, many took to making and selling handmade goods to make ends meet. Seeing an opportunity to help newcomers and entertain curious tourists, a local resort launched the island’s first official “hippie flea market” in 1973. That year, the Hotel Club Punta Arabí, near Es Canar on Ibiza’s east coast, invited hippies to set up stalls on its grounds and sell their wares to hotel guests. What began as a few young artisans spreading their dyed clothes and jewelry on blankets under the pine trees quickly became a bustling weekly bazaar. The Punta Arabí Hippy Market (or “Es Canar flea market” as it is commonly known), held every Wednesday, became a multicultural gathering where travelers from all over the world sold leather goods, dyed fabrics, batik prints, beads and fresh fruit to curious visitors. This market, the oldest on the island, began with a handful of vendors in 1973 and grew to hundreds of stalls over the years. It was a place not only of commerce, but also of celebration: live music, street performers and a friendly jumble of languages filled the air. The market’s success was transformative. It provided an economic livelihood for hippy artisans and became a tourist attraction in its own right, giving visitors a taste of the island’s bohemian soul. To this day, the market remains a must-see Ibizan experience for many, a testament to the entrepreneurial spirit of those early hippies.
Photography: Josep Soler ©. Website
Community living also reached its peak in the 1970s. Hippie communes proliferated in rural areas such as Sant Carles and Sant Joan, where groups of expatriates rented old fincas or built simple huts on vacant lots. In Sant Carles de Peralta, often dubbed Ibiza’s “original hippie village,” several communes coexisted peacefully with local farmers for years. Residents of these communes practiced collective farming, held group meditations and bonfires, and preached a gospel of peace and love. Meanwhile, the town’s Sunday gatherings at Bar Anita and nearby Las Dalias became hotspots for the hippie community. Las Dalias, originally a roadhouse and dance hall since 1954, became famous in the 1970s as a venue for late-night jam sessions and art events. In the early 1980s, it even hosted rock concerts, but in the 1970s it was known for its bohemian charm, welcoming hippies and locals alike to enjoy live music under the stars.
The relationship between the hippies and the Ibicencos evolved into mutual respect and exchange. Although some locals were initially skeptical of these eccentric, long-haired foreigners, many others accepted their presence. Islanders observed with interest the craftsmanship and music of the hippies, who in turn showed an unusual appreciation for Ibicenco’s own traditions. Over time, a cultural mix took place. A vivid example of this is the birth of Ibiza’s unmistakable Adlib fashion. In the early 1970s, inspired by the island’s traditional white cotton and lace garments, a group of designers began to create a style that fused Ibizan folk attire with bohemian hippie style. They called it Adlib (from ad libitum, Latin for “at pleasure”), reflecting the freedom to dress as you please. Adlib fashion was characterized by flowing white dresses, peasant blouses and rich embroidery, a carefree, free-spirited look, ideal for Ibiza’s climate. The first Adlib fashion show was held in 1971, even with the support of the Spanish Ministry of Tourism, which saw in this trend a promotional value. It was a true collaboration: the hippies adopted elements of local dress, and the locals embraced the new aesthetic, giving rise to a style that can still be seen today in Ibiza’s boutiques. As one account notes, Adlib was “an outgrowth of the hippie movement, and the self-proclaimed legacy of this countercultural community,” touted as a unique Ibizan attraction.
Photography: Josep Soler ©. Website
The creative arts also flourished during this decade. Painters, sculptors and musicians from all over the world made Ibiza their home, finding endless inspiration in its landscapes and atmosphere. Galleries were opened in Ibiza Town, exhibiting avant-garde art created on the island. One notable figure was Yves Ury, a French artist, and the collective of painters that formed “Ibiza 59” (an artists’ group created in 1959 that continued into the 1960s and 1970s), which included influential expatriate artists whose work put the island on the cultural map. The European media began to take notice of the island’s artistic birth: throughout the 1960s and 1970s, magazines published frequent reports on the island’s unconventional art scene and debauched atmosphere, which in turn boosted its mystical aura abroad.
Photography: Josep Soler ©. Website
Perhaps the most celebrated artistic contribution of the hippie era was music and nightlife. The 1970s also laid the foundations for what would become Ibiza’s global identity as a music mecca. At hippie camps and beaches, impromptu jam sessions and drum circles were the order of the day. Guitars and bongos were as common as sun hats. On full moon nights, large gatherings would form on beaches like Benirràs, where people would dance around bonfires to the beat of drums, a tradition that, in some form, continues today. These free parties were the precursors of Ibiza’s famous discotheques. In fact, the island’s first authentic discotheques opened their doors in the early to mid-1970s, often founded or frequented by members of the hippie community who had a flair for partying. The iconic Pacha Ibiza opened in 1973 in a former farmhouse near Ibiza Town. Its founder, Ricardo Urgell, an entrepreneur from Barcelona, imbued the club with a “flower power” spirit – bohemian decor, open-air terraces and a “come as you come” policy – directly influenced by the island’s hippy culture.
Photography: Josep Soler ©. Website
Not far away was Amnesia, which opened in 1976 in another old finca near Sant Rafel, founded by Antonio Escohotado, a philosopher who explicitly wanted to create a “Oblivion Workshop” where people could experience liberation and altered states. In its early days, Amnesia was literally an extension of the hippie commune atmosphere: an open-air venue where dawn broke on the dance floor and anything seemed possible. Small at first, these venues grew into world-renowned nightclubs by embracing the communal, free-spirited atmosphere that the hippies had cultivated. As the story points out, clubs like Pachá and Amnesia “started out as small venues” that later achieved great popularity “thanks to the island’s free spirit” inherited from the hippie era. In the late 1970s, Ibiza had a unique nightlife: part rustic hippy hangout, part sophisticated disco, a combination that attracted adventurous partygoers from all over Europe.
Another event of the time, with great international expectation and it may have been a highlight of this heyday, was the fact that Bob Marley chose Ibiza as the first and only place to play in Spain in his entire European tour of 1978. It was his first time in Spain and he would only return to the country once more, in 1980, for a concert in Barcelona. The Spanish public television went to receive and interviewed him.
Arrival of Bob Marley at Ibiza airport.
Meanwhile, the impact of the hippies on tourism and real estate was becoming evident. Ironically, the very success of the counterculture began to attract mainstream tourism. What had been an open secret in the early 1960s was now “a haven of freedom. In the late 1970s, package tours began to arrive, hoping to cash in on the island’s legend. The Spanish government and local businesses enthusiastically promoted Ibiza’s bohemian image (when it suited them), as it set the island apart from other resorts. Tourist guides extolled its “relaxed and free” atmosphere, and brochures used images of hippies and their crafts. Some hippies lamented this commercialization, although others took advantage of the new opportunities. On the other hand, several foreign hippies who remained in Ibiza until the late 1970s switched to more conventional jobs in order to survive as the cost of living on the island increased; some became small business owners, others became tour guides or even civil servants, and integrated into Ibicencan society. Some savvy hippie entrepreneurs bought or rented properties when they were cheap and later saw them appreciate in value. In fact, many of the island’s charming fincas and villas that they acquired for little money in the 1960s and 1970s became coveted real estate in later decades, laying the foundations for the luxury villa market. By 1980, Ibiza was no longer just a hippy haven: it was on the cusp of a tourist boom, and the carefree 1970s were ushering in a new era.
The 1980s: Transition from hippie paradise to party capital of the world
The early 1980s marked a turning point in Ibiza. As the last hippie communes faded away and many of their inhabitants left, the island’s bohemian spirit did not disappear, but evolved. The spirit of peace, love and music introduced by the hippies was woven into Ibiza’s next chapter as a party capital and chic tourist destination. In many ways, the 1980s saw the mainstreaming of hippie culture in Ibiza, as well as its nostalgic revival, while new influences, such as electronic music and luxury tourism, took hold.
With Spain’s return to democracy and economic growth in the 1980s, Ibiza experienced a tourist boom. The island’s population increased every summer with European vacationers, and the construction of hotels and resorts accelerated. Some feared that Ibiza would lose its magic with mass tourism. However, the hippie legacy helped Ibiza retain an identity of its own in the midst of development. The open-air party concept promoted in the 1970s became the model for the new Ibiza superclubs. The nightlife became increasingly famous: clubs like Ku (opened in 1978, later known as Privilege) became the world’s largest open-air discotheque, attracting the jet set and celebrities to extravagant parties under the stars. In the mid-1980s, DJs like Alfredo at Amnesia mixed rock, pop and world music in an eclectic style dubbed “Balearic Beat,” a direct descendant of the musical spirit of hippie gatherings.
In the midst of this explosion of clubs, many “old hippies” remained on the periphery of the island, and their presence was still felt. Some had settled in quieter places, in the hills of Sant Joan, Sant Carles or even Formentera, but came out from time to time for parties. Others opened businesses based on the hippie aesthetic. Las Dalias, in Sant Carles, reinvented itself in the 1980s to keep the hippie flame alive. In 1985, faced with a weak winter, the owner of Las Dalias (Juan Marí, known as “Juanito”) decided to set up a small flea market in the garden of the premises, in the hope of recovering the spirit of the craft market and attracting visitors. On a cold February day in 1985 they opened with only 5 stalls, but it was a success; a year later, dozens of artisans were already selling there every Saturday. Thus was born the Las Dalias Hippy Market, a decade after Punta Arabí, proving that Ibiza’s hippie trade had not only endured, but was expanding again. The Las Dalias flea market, like that of Punta Arabí, would grow during the 80s and 90s to become a beloved institution, ensuring that new generations could experience the island’s 60s and 70s artisanal heritage. Meanwhile, Las Dalias hosted concerts at night in line with the trends of the time: during the Movida Madrileña (Spanish cultural movement after the dictatorship), Spanish rock and new wave groups performed there for free, mixing modern music with the bohemian atmosphere.
By the late 1980s, Ibiza’s global image had been completely transformed. The island was now famous for its hedonistic nightlife, but the recurring theme of “flower power” remained a key element of its brand image. Clubs organized themed parties to celebrate the music and décor of the 1960s, a tradition started at Pachá that continues today. The very term “hippie” became enshrined in local lore: certain beaches and markets were constantly labeled with that image in tourist guides. Visitors could buy dyed T-shirts, peace-sign jewelry and even copies of ’68 Woodstock posters in Ibiza’s stores.
In 1986, the British TV series “Ibiza Uncovered” (and similar travel reports) often juxtaposed the island’s hippie past with its current rave scene, portraying Ibiza as a place where pastoral bliss and wild partying coexist. Interestingly, the late 1980s also saw the arrival of a second wave of counterculture – the UK acid house movement – which many saw as a revival of hippie values (peace, love, unity) through electronic music. It is said that around 1987-88, young British DJs and clubbers coming to Ibiza were directly inspired by the hippie vibe and Balearic openness, and brought that spirit back to start the rave revolution in England. Thus, the hippie legacy fed the DNA of modern clubber culture: as one writer noted, there was a “circular journey” in which the British expatriates of the 1960s influenced Ibiza, Ibiza in turn influenced the clubbers of the 1980s, also British, and those clubbers spread a new “neo-hippie mutation” around the world during the 1990s and 2000s.
Presentation photo of the Amnesia club during the 80s.
Economically, the real estate boom that began in the 1980s was another result of the island’s fame, and many of the early hippie homes changed hands for staggering prices. The plots and fincas that adventurers rented or bought for cheap prices became prime real estate for wealthy foreigners. By the late 1980s, Ibiza already had a luxury real estate market, especially in the picturesque north and along the coast, forever altering the rural landscape that the hippies had enjoyed in solitude. Some of the original hippie owners cashed in, while others lamented the changes.
However, despite all the changes, the Ibiza of 1989 still retained remnants of its original spirit. You could still find veteran hippies in the chiringuitos of places like Es Canar or Cala Benirràs, playing guitar and telling stories of the “good old days”. They had become part of Ibiza’s human landscape. The cultural exchange had also changed Ibicencos: many of the younger ones had grown up with hippie neighbors and had adopted more liberal attitudes than their parents. Ibiza’s reputation as a tolerant and open place was already ingrained.
The enduring legacy of the hippie era on Ibiza
The hippie era, from the 1960s to the 1980s, fundamentally transformed Ibiza, laying the foundation for much of the island’s modern identity. Their legacy is visible and still celebrated today. Culturally, they instilled in Ibiza a spirit of freedom, creativity, and tolerance that remains an essential part of its charm. “That special attitude and magnetic good vibe among residents is the result of many decades living in a society where the hippie philosophy was truly alive: freedom, love, joy, nature, uniqueness, and community,” describes one chronicler of the island. Indeed, the values championed by hippies—from environmental awareness to holistic wellness—are now ingrained in the lifestyle, seen in yoga retreats, organic farms, and a thriving wellness tourism sector that attracts those seeking a relaxed, natural escape. What’s more, it wouldn’t be surprising if the environmental awareness instilled by hippie culture largely influenced local policymakers to realize that the overexploitation of urban development that was occurring on the island during the tourist boom of the 1980s was not going to be sustainable at the rate it was occurring and that, sooner or later, it would destroy Ibiza’s main attraction: its natural charm.
Las Dalias street market nowadays
The tangible contributions of the hippie era continue to thrive. The markets are a prime example, still brimming with color and activity, decades after their founding. Tourists and locals browse the stalls of handmade clothing, jewelry, and crafts that “echo the island’s bohemian past.” These markets are now mainstays of Ibizan tourism, direct descendants of the impromptu markets that hippies created to support themselves. In the fashion world, Adlib has become an official Ibizan fashion brand: Adlib fashion shows are held every year in Ibiza, featuring local designers who continue the style invented in the 1970s, keeping Ibiza on the map of boho-chic design. The music and nightlife, of course, are the most internationally known legacy. Ibiza’s evolution into the “club capital of the world” can be traced back to the hippie spirit of communal celebration. The inclusive, open-air party model established by its gatherings directly informed the design of its nightclubs and beach clubs. Even the musical genres for which Ibiza is known—chill-out, trance, Balearic beat—emphasize a unity and blissful escape reminiscent of a 1960s love affair on the beach. It’s no coincidence that one of Pacha’s most popular long-running events is the Flower Power party, which explicitly pays homage to the Summer of Love with retro tunes and psychedelic decor, demonstrating how the 1960s live on in the heart and soul of Ibiza.
The hippie era also had lasting effects on Ibiza’s economy and real estate sector. By attracting the first wave of international travelers for reasons unrelated to conventional tourism, the hippies unwittingly contributed to Ibiza’s development as a cosmopolitan destination. What was once a poor, agrarian island found new life as a global countercultural hotspot, soon followed by more profitable mainstream tourism. Today, Ibiza’s tourism offerings continue to rely on its countercultural cachet: visitors are sold not just sun and sand, but a promise of “freedom” and “magical vibes” inherited from the 1960s and 1970s. The real estate sector, for its part, has converted many former communes into luxury retreats. The rustic houses and quiet beaches of the north so beloved by hippies are now among Ibiza’s most expensive and exclusive areas, as wealthy buyers seek to grab a piece of that bohemian idyll (ironically, paying millions of euros for the simple life the hippies once led). This gentrification was a double-edged sword: it brought prosperity, but it also meant the expulsion of many hippies. Still, Ibiza has managed to preserve some of its natural beauty (partly thanks to early environmental awareness spurred by hippie influence), and movements to maintain sustainable tourism continue, echoing the back-to-nature mentality of the past.
Perhaps the clearest recognition of the importance of the hippie era is that Ibiza has commemorated it in public art. In 2016, Ibiza Town unveiled a bronze monument to the hippie movement in the port area, donated by Pachá founder Ricardo Urgell. The life-size sculpture—depicting a long-haired father holding his young daughter’s hand—was inspired by an iconic 1970s photo of a hippie family and symbolizes the “freedom and love” that the movement represented. At the statue’s feet is a world map highlighting San Francisco, Amsterdam, Kathmandu, Goa, and Ibiza—key centers of the global hippie phenomenon. It is a permanent reminder that Ibiza was, and remains, part of a worldwide community of free spirits. Indeed, without hippies, modern Ibiza wouldn’t have its unique blend of glamour and peace, partying and spirituality.
Monument to the hippie movement in Ibiza’s harbor
In conclusion, the hippie era transformed Ibiza, transforming it from an isolated haven into an “island of freedom” with unparalleled charm. The period from the 1960s to the 1980s witnessed profound cultural exchanges: foreign hippies found a welcoming sanctuary and, in turn, introduced new ways of life that Ibizans adopted and adapted. From this fusion, enduring institutions were born. Historically, the impact of those decades is well documented and remains palpable: Ibiza’s identity as a tolerant, creative, and hedonistic paradise was forged in that crucible of “peace and love.” Myths and legends abound (cheerfully told in beach bars at dusk), but it is the documented contributions—the businesses started, the art created, the music played, and the communities formed—that best tell the story. Ibiza’s modern prosperity and worldwide fame for tourism, music, and lifestyle owe a great debt to its pioneers who, with flowers in their hair and ambitious dreams in their heads, made the white island their home. Every time a drum beats in Benirràs, a boutique sells a white cotton dress, or a DJ plays Balearic music at dawn, the spirit of the hippie era lives on, the island forever changed by “freedom, love, joy, and nature.”
Sources:
Rodríguez, L. (2025). Why does Ibiza’s hippie movement still captivate free spirits worldwide? Diario de Ibiza – Living
Usó, J.C. (2014). La repressió contra els hippies a Eivissa. LWSN.net
Kirwan, D. (2023). Peace and love and protests: the evolution of Ibiza’s hippies. L’Officiel Ibiza
MDPI (2022). Artistic Expressions in Ibiza: From Counterculture to Heritage
Great Wen Blog (2016). London and the hippies of Ibiza
Ibiza Travel Official Portal (2017). History of Punta Arabí Hippy Market
Welcometoibiza.com. Sant Carles: Cradle of the hippie movement
Time Magazine (1972). The Clifford Irvings of Ibiza
Elsewhere – D. Sobieski (2017). Ibiza Bohemia Revival
Secretibiza.co (2019). Behind the Hippie Monument
